{"id":1099,"date":"2021-11-20T18:52:24","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T18:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.wpengine.com\/?page_id=1099"},"modified":"2021-11-23T04:37:42","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T04:37:42","slug":"methanol-fuel-storage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/?page_id=1099","title":{"rendered":"Methanol Fuel Storage"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Technologies already implemented in ports can use methanol as a fuel if existing fuel transfer systems (like the hose at a gas station) are slightly modified.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Marine &amp; Offshore. \u201cHow Infrastructure Will Lay the Foundations for Alternative Fuels,\u201d April 7, 2021.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_1');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> The process of getting fuel to ships is called bunkering. Although methanol is quite similar to existing fossil fuels in terms of necessary infrastructure, especially natural gas, port owners still need to upgrade the storage tanks and refueling stations to accommodate this material (potentially with government assistance). The benefits from the update, however, would outweigh the costs. Methanol-powered ships would create less air pollution, specifically for sulfur oxides and particulate matter, which decrease by the order of magnitude.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Lieshout, P.S. van, V. de Jonge, A.W. Vredelt, and S. Finner. 2020. \u201cGreen Maritime Methanol: WP3 Factsheet and Comparison with Diesel and LNG.\u201d&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_2');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Methanol is more corrosive and has a wider flammability range than conventional hydrocarbon fuels, especially if mixed with water.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin, 2016.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_3');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> By percentage of volume, methanol vapor can catch on fire at 6% to 36%, while gasoline ranges only from 1.4% to 7%. And per every degree Fahrenheit, methanol expands in volume more than fossil fuels do, so a larger volume of tank must be left empty (around 20%) to allow for fluctuations in volume caused by temperature differences.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin, 2016.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_4');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Furthermore, inert gas (such as argon) should be used to isolate the main tank from outside, as methanol readily absorbs water from air.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin, 2016.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_5');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Inert gases blanket the tank from the humidity of the port&#8217;s air. As methanol is toxic to humans, but not the environment,<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin, 2016.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_6');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> open air placement of bunkering stations can reduce port workers\u2019 exposure to toxic vapors without harming other living beings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Existing storage tanks and the pipes need to be made out of stainless steel, as chemically polar methanol can corrode both aluminum and carbon steel.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin, 2016.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_7');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> However, if a port has liquid natural gas fueling infrastructure in place, less upgrades are needed. Estimated cost of a smaller methanol fueling station is around 450,000 USD (\u20ac400,000), and upgrading existing gasoline bunker barges would cost approximately 1.7 million dollars (\u20ac1,700,000).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Andersson, Karin, and Carlos M\u00e1rquez Salazar. 2015. \u201cMethanol as a Marine Fuel Report.\u201d FCBI Energy.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_8');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Even though the cost of the latter is higher, increased fuel volume and mobility could motivate it. Measures to make methanol storage on shore safer, such as stainless steel and inert gases do cost extra, but they save maintenance costs in the long run.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin, 2016.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_9');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two ports, Gothenburg, Sweden and Kiel, Sweden, can be used as case studies, as a fully methanol-powered ferry runs between them. Although there are additional details of implementation challenges, this is extremely useful for feasibility.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bass, Charlie. \u201cNext Port of Call \u2013 the Methanol Bunkering Station?\u201d Wartsila.com, May 6, 2021. www.wartsila.com\/insights\/article\/next-port-of-call-the-methanol-bunkering-station.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> There are reports on existing ports using trucks to bunker ships with methanol. Trucks might work for small ships but not enough for the total shift of the entire industry. Therefore, special facilities are still needed.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Andersson, Karin, and Carlos M\u00e1rquez Salazar. 2015. \u201cMethanol as a Marine Fuel Report.\u201d FCBI Energy.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1099_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_11');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1099_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1099_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1099_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1099_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_1099_1\" style=\"display: none;\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Marine &amp; Offshore. \u201cHow Infrastructure Will Lay the Foundations for Alternative Fuels,\u201d April 7, 2021. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com\/insight\/how-infrastructure-will-lay-foundations-alternative-fuels\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"www.marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com\/insight\/how-infrastructure-will-lay-foundations-alternative-fuels\">www.marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com\/insight\/how-infrastructure-will-lay-foundations-alternative-fuels<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lieshout, P.S. van, V. de Jonge, A.W. Vredelt, and S. Finner. 2020. \u201cGreen Maritime Methanol: WP3 Factsheet and Comparison with Diesel and LNG.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/repository.tno.nl\/\/islandora\/object\/uuid:31be5cf6-3b22-4405-a911-982ec5f902fd\">www.repository.tno.nl\/\/islandora\/object\/uuid:31be5cf6-3b22-4405-a911-982ec5f902fd<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In <em>Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin<\/em>, 2016. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\">www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In <em>Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin<\/em>, 2016. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\">www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In <em>Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin<\/em>, 2016. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\">www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In <em>Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin<\/em>, 2016. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\">www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In <em>Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin<\/em>, 2016. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\">www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Andersson, Karin, and Carlos M\u00e1rquez Salazar. 2015. \u201cMethanol as a Marine Fuel Report.\u201d FCBI Energy. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/FCBI-Methanol-Marine-Fuel-Report-Final-English.pdf\">www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/FCBI-Methanol-Marine-Fuel-Report-Final-English.pdf<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Methanol Institute. \u201cAtmospheric Above Ground Tank Storage of Methanol.\u201d In <em>Methanol Safe Handling Technical Bulletin<\/em>, 2016. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.\">www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/AtmosphericAboveGroundTankStorageMethanol-1.pdf.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bass, Charlie. \u201cNext Port of Call \u2013 the Methanol Bunkering Station?\u201d Wartsila.com, May 6, 2021. www.wartsila.com\/insights\/article\/next-port-of-call-the-methanol-bunkering-station.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1099_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1099_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1099_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Andersson, Karin, and Carlos M\u00e1rquez Salazar. 2015. \u201cMethanol as a Marine Fuel Report.\u201d FCBI Energy. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/FCBI-Methanol-Marine-Fuel-Report-Final-English.pdf\">www.methanol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/FCBI-Methanol-Marine-Fuel-Report-Final-English.pdf<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_1099_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1099_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1099_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_1099_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1099_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1099_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1099_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1099_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1099_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_1099_1(); } } 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Continue reading The process of getting fuel to ships is called bunkering. Although methanol is&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/?page_id=1099\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Methanol Fuel Storage<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1099","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"featured_image_src":null,"featured_image_src_square":null,"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"gb-block-post-grid-landscape":false,"gb-block-post-grid-square":false,"neve-blog":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Terrafrosh 2025","author_link":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Technologies already implemented in ports can use methanol as a fuel if existing fuel transfer systems (like the hose at a gas station) are slightly modified.[1]Marine &amp; Offshore. \u201cHow Infrastructure Will Lay the Foundations for Alternative Fuels,\u201d April 7, 2021.&nbsp;&#x2026; Continue reading The process of getting fuel to ships is called bunkering. Although methanol is&hellip;&nbsp;Read&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1099"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1099\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}