{"id":1123,"date":"2021-11-20T19:56:54","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T19:56:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.wpengine.com\/?page_id=1123"},"modified":"2021-11-23T04:34:46","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T04:34:46","slug":"solar-canopies-for-reefers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/?page_id=1123","title":{"rendered":"Solar Canopies for Reefers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Refrigerated containers, otherwise known as reefers, are specialized containers that keep their insides cool and insulated to store perishable items such as food and medicine. They account for a huge portion, 20-45%, of the total energy that is used at ports.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Iris, \u00c7agatay, and J. Lam. \u201cA Review of Energy Efficiency in Ports: Operational Strategies, Technologies and Energy Management Systems.\u201d Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_1');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Accordingly, depending on the type of reefer the ports choose to use, reefer emissions can be very high\u2014at the Port of Boston, which has 400 diesel reefers, total reefer emissions reach 9.76 tons of particulate matter a year and 11,732 tons of carbon dioxide a year.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cElectric Refrigerated Container Racks: Technical Analysis.\u201d Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), December 2010.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_2');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> For comparison, the entire transportation sector of Boston emits 418,760 tons of carbon dioxide a year from diesel.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cBoston\u2019s Carbon Emissions | Boston.Gov,\u201d October 5, 2021.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.boston.gov\/departments\/environment\/bostons-carbon-emissions\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.boston.gov\/departments\/environment\/bostons-carbon-emissions<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> However, electric reefers also exist and are in widespread use, in which case their indirect emissions depend on the port\u2019s energy grid.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/p6K296p3_r4KcAeypPV7RCpK4kSRHiqSnOC8XBV6e649cVvIEKA1_FGhoFPqM0VCM0kZ1NTD2GOTnGWyZlyIa4jUirGBzTWB0hdPh17A7rLVhmdJyOsduDye8dALE1eK0YwXGD-3\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>SUBRAMANIAM1103, CC BY-SA 4.0, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Reefer_Socket.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reefers are generally stored at ports for about 3 days on their way out of the port, and about 24 hours on their way into the port. Traditionally, reefers are stored in \u201cwheeled storage\u201d, which means each reefer is given its individual plot of land and outlet and directly wheeled to and from the quay; however, a less land-intensive way of storing reefers is \u201crack storage\u201d, which connects 22-26 reefers in the same rack to the same outlet.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cElectric Refrigerated Container Racks: Technical Analysis.\u201d Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), December 2010.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_4');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Both kinds of storage are in widespread use today; the cost-benefit analysis is thus performed for both wheeled storage and rack storage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One way to cut down on reefers\u2019 energy consumption and emissions while they are stored at ports is by installing solar roofs over them. This has a twofold benefit: solar panels help generate energy and the existence of a cover over the reefers decreases the amount of energy needed to maintain an appropriate internal temperature, by approximately 9% over the course of a day.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Budiyanto, Muhammad Arif, and Takeshi Shinoda. \u201cEnergy Efficiency on the Reefer Container Storage Yard; an Analysis of Thermal Performance of Installation Roof Shade.\u201d The 6th International&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_5');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> In addition, ports still using diesel reefers should switch to electric reefers to cut down both on emissions and on overall cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Solar roofs should be installed over reefer storage yards to allow reefers to move in and out of them, in contrast to the idea of installing solar panels directly on the top surfaces of reefers so that they can always draw from solar power as long as they are in the sun. Installing solar roofs instead means that reefers cannot draw from solar power in transit, but it allows reefers in storage yards to take advantage of the energy savings of shade and solar power at the same time. Furthermore, it will be easier and cheaper to maintain a large solar array in one port than to maintain individual reefers\u2019 solar panels through all the wear and tear of the shipping process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/tTVn9jssYHZKJsBKegaj0WZmXLMe3x3t4gvIhQn6SDwUFOSFrh3hJ78JcvfZSD2Q9Dx8dK6k0ZaoQ5-2E9lKQMfeH3xd3pb35dchesu6YGzdcffaYVppHsGS8sYT-osFwkcAD_5e\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>Interactive Resources. \u201cRomberg Solar Canopy,\u201d January 1, 2015.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intres.com\/project\/sunterra-romberg-tiburon-solar\/\"> https:\/\/www.intres.com\/project\/sunterra-romberg-tiburon-solar\/<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the analysis below, implementing solar panels achieves breakeven in 9 years if electric reefers are already installed, and between 7-10 years if the port starts with diesel reefers and buys new electric reefers. Not only would solar roofs provide a significant amount of the energy needed by reefers, they would be able to provide security in the event of a grid malfunction during high-traffic times of day, as they provide a baseline amount of energy that could keep reefers cool enough for the goods inside to keep temporarily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>Wheeled storage<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Rack storage<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Land usage per reefer<\/strong><\/td><td>400 ft<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>80 ft<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Capital cost of reefer installation, per reefer<\/strong><\/td><td>$21,250<\/td><td>$24,000\u2013$30,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Peak solar power output<\/strong><\/td><td>7.7 W\/ft<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>7.7 W\/ft<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Reefer power usage in maintenance mode (95% of operation time)<\/strong><\/td><td>3000 W<\/td><td>3000 W<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Reefer power usage in pulldown mode (5% of operation time)<\/strong><\/td><td>15,000 W<\/td><td>15,000 W<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Power saved purely from roof shade, per reefer<\/strong><\/td><td>270 W<\/td><td>270 W<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Power produced by solar panels&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>3080 W<\/td><td>616 W<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Annual cost of fuel for diesel reefer<\/strong><\/td><td>$4123<\/td><td>$4123<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Annual cost of fuel for electric reefer<\/strong><\/td><td>$927<\/td><td>$927<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Annual fuel savings compared to diesel, after converting to electric + solar roofing installation<\/strong><\/td><td>$3987<\/td><td>$3355<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Annual fuel savings compared to electric, after solar roofing installation<\/strong><\/td><td>$791<\/td><td>$159<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cost to install solar panels in Boston, per reefer<\/strong><\/td><td>$7104<\/td><td>$1420<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Time for breakeven from diesel reefer<\/strong><\/td><td>7.1 years<\/td><td>7.6\u20139.4 years<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Time for breakeven from electric reefer<\/strong><\/td><td>9 years<\/td><td>9 years<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Table 1. Economic analysis of installing solar canopies over reefers in both wheeled storage and rack storage.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cElectric Refrigerated Container Racks: Technical Analysis.\u201d Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), December 2010.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_6');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Port Technology International. \u201cSolar Power for Marine Terminals: Generating Energy and Public Acceptance,\u201d February 9, 2011.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_7');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1123_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cSolar Panels in Boston, MA: 2021 Cost and Companies | EnergySage.\u201d Accessed November 20, 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energysage.com\/local-data\/solar-panel-cost\/ma\/suffolk-county\/boston\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.energysage.com\/local-data\/solar-panel-cost\/ma\/suffolk-county\/boston\/<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energysage.com\/local-data\/solar-panel-cost\/ma\/suffolk-county\/boston\/\"><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1123_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/terrascope2025.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Port-of-LA-Cruise-terminal-a.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1129\" srcset=\"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Port-of-LA-Cruise-terminal-a.jpg 800w, https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Port-of-LA-Cruise-terminal-a-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Port-of-LA-Cruise-terminal-a-768x614.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>\u201cPort of LA, Berth 93 Solar Array | Interactive Resources.\u201d Accessed November 20, 2021. https:\/\/www.intres.com\/project\/port-of-la-berth-93-solar-array\/.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1123_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1123_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1123_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_1123_1\" style=\"display: none;\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1123_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Iris, \u00c7agatay, and J. Lam. \u201cA Review of Energy Efficiency in Ports: Operational Strategies, Technologies and Energy Management Systems.\u201d <em>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews<\/em>, 2019.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.RSER.2019.04.069\"> doi.org\/10.1016\/J.RSER.2019.04.069<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1123_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cElectric Refrigerated Container Racks: Technical Analysis.\u201d Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), December 2010.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.massport.com\/capitalprogramsattachments\/M495-D1\/M495-D1%20Appendix%20A-%20EPRI%20Elec.%20Reefer%20Rack%20Technical%20Analysis_Dec2010.pdf\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.massport.com\/capitalprogramsattachments\/M495-D1\/M495-D1%20Appendix%20A-%20EPRI%20Elec.%20Reefer%20Rack%20Technical%20Analysis_Dec2010.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1123_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cBoston\u2019s Carbon Emissions | Boston.Gov,\u201d October 5, 2021.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.boston.gov\/departments\/environment\/bostons-carbon-emissions\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.boston.gov\/departments\/environment\/bostons-carbon-emissions<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1123_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cElectric Refrigerated Container Racks: Technical Analysis.\u201d Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), December 2010.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.massport.com\/capitalprogramsattachments\/M495-D1\/M495-D1%20Appendix%20A-%20EPRI%20Elec.%20Reefer%20Rack%20Technical%20Analysis_Dec2010.pdf\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.massport.com\/capitalprogramsattachments\/M495-D1\/M495-D1%20Appendix%20A-%20EPRI%20Elec.%20Reefer%20Rack%20Technical%20Analysis_Dec2010.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1123_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Budiyanto, Muhammad Arif, and Takeshi Shinoda. \u201cEnergy Efficiency on the Reefer Container Storage Yard; an Analysis of Thermal Performance of Installation Roof Shade.\u201d <em>The 6th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems Engineering<\/em> 6 (February 1, 2020): 686\u201392.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.egyr.2019.11.138\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.egyr.2019.11.138<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1123_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cElectric Refrigerated Container Racks: Technical Analysis.\u201d Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), December 2010.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.massport.com\/capitalprogramsattachments\/M495-D1\/M495-D1%20Appendix%20A-%20EPRI%20Elec.%20Reefer%20Rack%20Technical%20Analysis_Dec2010.pdf\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.massport.com\/capitalprogramsattachments\/M495-D1\/M495-D1%20Appendix%20A-%20EPRI%20Elec.%20Reefer%20Rack%20Technical%20Analysis_Dec2010.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1123_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Port Technology International. \u201cSolar Power for Marine Terminals: Generating Energy and Public Acceptance,\u201d February 9, 2011.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.porttechnology.org\/technical-papers\/solar_power_for_marine_terminals_generating_energy_and_public_acceptance\/\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.porttechnology.org\/technical-papers\/solar_power_for_marine_terminals_generating_energy_and_public_acceptance\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1123_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1123_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1123_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cSolar Panels in Boston, MA: 2021 Cost and Companies | EnergySage.\u201d Accessed November 20, 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energysage.com\/local-data\/solar-panel-cost\/ma\/suffolk-county\/boston\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.energysage.com\/local-data\/solar-panel-cost\/ma\/suffolk-county\/boston\/<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energysage.com\/local-data\/solar-panel-cost\/ma\/suffolk-county\/boston\/\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_1123_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1123_1').show(); 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They account for a huge portion, 20-45%, of the total energy that is used at ports.[1]Iris, \u00c7agatay, and J. Lam. \u201cA Review of Energy Efficiency in Ports: Operational Strategies, Technologies&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/?page_id=1123\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Solar Canopies for Reefers<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1123","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"featured_image_src":null,"featured_image_src_square":null,"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"gb-block-post-grid-landscape":false,"gb-block-post-grid-square":false,"neve-blog":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Terrafrosh 2025","author_link":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Refrigerated containers, otherwise known as reefers, are specialized containers that keep their insides cool and insulated to store perishable items such as food and medicine. 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Lam. \u201cA Review of Energy Efficiency in Ports: Operational Strategies, Technologies&hellip;&nbsp;Read&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1123"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1123\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/terrascope2025.mit.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}